The $64.5 million penalty, which comes on top of a $177 million investment to reduce pollution, is the largest ever for Clean Air Act violations involving stationary sources.

The penalty is for emissions of pollutants which kill people directly, rather than causing climate change but part of the deal is this:

Under the agreement announced Thursday, Marathon is required to take steps to reduce more than 2.25 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions over the next five years — roughly equivalent to the emissions avoided by taking 487,000 cars off the road for a year, the EPA said in a news release. The settlement will also prevent nearly 110,000 tons of volatile organic compound emissions, according to the agency.