This is sort of hard to answer because of the number of varieties of Android from different vendors could have things that weren’t in core Android but some user will be like I had a Samsung phone in 2012 that did that or something, so I’ll just base my answers on Android core.

Notification badges were a big one I wanted on Android that iOS had done since the beginning. You could sorta have them with nova launcher for a while, but it wasn’t as good. Eventually Android came around, I think?

I think the ability to swipe up and navigate opened apps also existed in iOS long before Android, though I think Samsung may have copied it shortly after, as they do with most solid iOS innovations.

iOS’s privacy controls have always been better than Android’s, though that’s not super surprising given Google’s market is advertising, Android did eventually try to add granular privacy controls but it feels lacking compared to iOS.

Also screen recording, is it even in Android yet? It’s been in iOS forever.

There’s a lot more than that, but reading any Android community and you’d think that the copying only happened one way.