Oooh ooh I know this one.

Yes.

No, it looks like Algeria is the victim.

Absolutely yes. Check this

I think countries have accepted that carbon credits have to be bought by companies which have offended nature. Per CO2 released back in nature, they are imposed a cost of carbon credit.

It still has not been publicized. No one knows it yet. Once a proper cost of carbon credit is laid out to the public in the way our ACs, fridges, geysers etc. are marked with stars, people would surely recognize and all companies would have to pay for harming nature.

I would say no as any system without proper oversight and governance is going to lean into exploitation as if you do not, your competitors will. We just need to change some core laws and enforce them to change our trajectory.